While bees and butterflies often steal the spotlight, nocturnal pollinators—like moths, bats, and beetles—play an equally critical role in ecosystem health. These nighttime workers pollinate crops and wild plants under the cover of darkness, often more efficiently than their daytime counterparts.
In the Appalachian Mountains, species such as the rosy maple moth (Dryocampa rubicunda) and various sphinx moths (Sphingidae) are key nocturnal pollinators. These moths use their proboscis to feed on nectar and transfer pollen between native plants like evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), and mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia). Bats, including the Eastern small-footed bat (Myotis leibii), also contribute to pollination and seed dispersal, supporting biodiversity across the Blue Ridge region.
These pollinators face threats from habitat loss, light pollution, and climate change. You can help by planting native host plants, reducing outdoor lighting, and leaving leaf litter to support overwintering larvae. Consider creating a “moon garden” with pale flowers that reflect moonlight—an enchanting way to support these unseen heroes.
Key features of a moon garden:
- Light-colored or white flowers that glow under moonlight
- Night-blooming plants that open in the evening and attract nocturnal pollinators.
- Fragrant blooms that release scent at night, enhancing the sensory experience.
- Reflective surfaces like light-colored stones or water features to amplify moonlight.
- Quiet seating areas for relaxation and stargazing.
Native Plants for a Moon Garden in Western North Carolina
- Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) – Opens at dusk, attracts moths.
- Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) – Pale lavender blooms, fragrant, moth-friendly.
- Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) – Pale pink to white blooms, native evergreen shrub.
- White Phlox (Phlox paniculata) – Fragrant and showy, blooms into the evening.
- American Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) – Clusters of white flowers, supports moths and butterflies.
- Common Witch-Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) – Yellow blooms in late fall, supports late-season pollinators.
Foliage that Glows or Adds Texture
- Silverrod (Solidago bicolor) – A pale goldenrod species that blooms late and attracts moths.
- Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus) – Wispy white flowers, fragrant and luminous.
- Carolina Silverbell (Halesia carolina) – Bell-shaped white flowers in spring, attractive to pollinators.
Trees and Shrubs that Support Nocturnal Wildlife
- Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) – Early bloomer, supports moth larvae.
- Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) – White spring flowers, supports birds and insects.
- Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) – Late summer blooms, nectar source for bees and moths.
Pollinators You May Attract
- Rosy Maple Moth (Dryocampa rubicunda)
- Sphinx Moths (Family Sphingidae)
- Eastern Small-Footed Bat (Myotis leibii)
- Cecropia Moth (Hyalophora cecropia)
- Fireflies and other nocturnal beetles